diff --git a/handbook.tex b/handbook.tex index 929d158..05c443c 100644 --- a/handbook.tex +++ b/handbook.tex @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ \documentclass[a6paper, fontsize=6pt, twosided]{scrreport} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} +\usepackage{tablefootnote} \usepackage{booktabs} \usepackage[svgnames]{xcolor} \usepackage{siunitx} @@ -88,12 +89,15 @@ With color rings, read with outermost ring to the right With digits: 2 digits + exponent. The base units are \unit{\ohm}, \unit{\micro\henry} and \unit{\pico\farad}. \paragraph{Preferred numbers} -\begin{fulltab}{lcccccccccccc} +\begin{fulltab}{l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll} \toprule +\setcounter{colw}{4} +E3 & \mc{1.0} & \mc{2.2} & \mc{4.7}\\ \setcounter{colw}{2} E6 & \mc{1.0} & \mc{1.5} & \mc{2.2} & \mc{3.3} & \mc{4.7} & \mc{6.8}\\ \setcounter{colw}{1} -E12 & \mc{1.0} & \mc{1.2} \\ +E12 & \mc{1.0} & \mc{1.2} & \mc{1.5} & \mc{1.8} & \mc{2.2} & \mc{2.7} +& \mc{3.3} & \mc{3.9} & \mc{4.7} & \mc{5.6} & \mc{6.8} & \mc{8.2} \\ \bottomrule \end{fulltab} % Recall E6/E12/E24 @@ -102,7 +106,7 @@ E12 & \mc{1.0} & \mc{1.2} \\ \paragraph{Complementary BJT pairs} \begin{fulltab}{lccccc} \toprule - Part n° & $V_{\textrm{CEO}}$ (V) & $I_{C,\textrm{max}}$ (mA) & $\beta$@$I_C$ & $f_T$ (MHz) \\ + Part n° & $V_{\textrm{CEO}}$ (V) & $I_{C,\textrm{max}}$ (mA) & $\beta$@$I_C$ & $f_T$ (\unit{\mega\hertz}) \\ \midrule BC547C,'557 & 45 & 100 & 420..800 @ 10 & 300\\ 2N3904,'06 & 40 & 200 & 100..300 @ 10 & 300\\ @@ -113,13 +117,26 @@ BC327,'337 & 45 & 500 & 100..600 @ 100 & 100\\ \paragraph{Power BJTs} \begin{fulltab}{lccccc} \toprule - Part n° & $V_{\textrm{CEO}}$ (V) & $I_{C,\textrm{max}}$ (A) & $\beta$@$I_C$ & $f_T$ (MHz)\\ + Part n° & $V_{\textrm{CEO}}$ (V) & $I_{C,\textrm{max}}$ (A) & $\beta$@$I_C$ & $f_T$ (\unit{\mega\hertz})\\ \midrule D44H11,'45 & 80 & 10 & 60 @ 1 & 50\\ TIP41,'42 & 80 & 6 & 15..75 @ 3 & 3\\ \bottomrule \end{fulltab} +\paragraph{Operational amplifiers} + +\begin{fulltab}{lccccc} +\toprule +Part n° & Technology & $V_{\textrm{sup}}$ (\unit\volt) & RRI/O? & GBW (\unit{\mega\hertz}) & Slew (\unit{\volt\per\micro\second})\\ +\midrule +TL081,'2,'4 & FET & 4.5\dots40 & +/ & 5.25 & 20\\ +RC4558,'9 & BJT & 10\dots30 & / & 3 & 1.7\\ +NE5532,'4\tablefootnote{Specified for noise} & BJT & 10\dots40 & / & 10 & 13\\ +LM2904 & BJT & 3\dots 36 & -/ & 1.2 & 0.5\\ +\bottomrule +\end{fulltab} + \section{Topologies} \paragraph{Differential gain of diff-pair} $U_d$ is the \emph{one-legged} bias drop. @@ -127,8 +144,19 @@ TIP41,'42 & 80 & 6 & 15..75 @ 3 & 3\\ \section{Noise models} +At room temperature, $\kbT = q\Vt = 4\cdot 10^{-21} \unit\joule.$ + \paragraph{Johnson noise} Typical power density is $4\kbT$, therefore \(e_n = \sqrt{4\kbT R}\) and -\(i_n = \sqrt{\kbT / R}\). +\(i_n = \sqrt{\kbT / R}\). At 1 \unit{\kilo\ohm}, we have \(e_n = 4 \unit{\nano\volt\per\sqrt{\hertz}}\) +or, equivalently, \(i_n = 4 \unit{\pico\ampere\per\sqrt{\hertz}}\). + +\paragraph{BJT noise} We have $i_{n,B} = \sqrt{2qI_C/\beta_{\mathrm{DC}}}$ at high frequencies. Below +a few hundred \unit\hertz, there is flicker noise. The collector's "shot noise" is caused by an equivalent +voltage noise in series with $r_\pi$, \[e_{n, BE} = \sqrt{2qI_C}/g_m = \Vt \sqrt{2q/I_C}.\] +At \(I_C = 1 \unit{\milli\ampere}\) we have \(e_{n,BE} = 0.44 \unit{\nano\volt\per\sqrt{\hertz}}\). +At high $I_C$ one needs to take into account a base-spreading resistance in +series with the base $r_{bb'}$. It is typically a few hundred ohm, and is smaller +for larger transistors. \chapter{Telecommunications} \section{Amateur radio} @@ -140,4 +168,7 @@ TIP41,'42 & 80 & 6 & 15..75 @ 3 & 3\\ \section{Character encodings} \paragraph{7-bit ASCII} \paragraph{HD4480} + +\chapter{Fundamental constants} + \end{document}